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38 Special (sometimes stylized as .38 Special) is an American rock band that was formed by neighborhood friends Don Barnes and Donnie Van Zant in 1974 in Jacksonville, Florida.[1]Dancing line game online, free.
History[edit]1970s[edit]
Donnie Van Zant, the younger brother of Lynyrd Skynyrd founder Ronnie, began playing music himself during his teen years, forming the band Standard Production in 1968, which paved the way for Sweet Rooster, Donnie's first professional outfit that he formed in 1969 with guitarist Jeff Carlisi and bassist Ken Lyons, soon joined by drummer Steve Brookins. Carlisi left Sweet Rooster after graduating high school to study architecture at Georgia Tech and was replaced by Don Barnes in 1970. Brookins also left to work as a truck driver and Sweet Rooster was defunct by 1973.
Nevertheless, Van Zant, Barnes and Lyons, while continuing their day jobs and working in other bands, began working on composing original songs in their spare time. By 1974, they decided it was time to get serious and form 'the ultimate band' that would be their 'one last shot' at success. Briefly, Van Zant was considering a higher-paying position for the railroad he worked at but was finally convinced by brother Ronnie to stick with music since it was 'in his blood.'
The new outfit comprised Van Zant, Barnes, Lyons, Brookins, second drummer Jack Grondin and a returning Carlisi. The band's name was thought up after an incident which found the boys practicing in a warehouse out in the middle of nowhere. When police arrived after being notified by locals of the noise, the band members were unable to come out because of a padlock on the door. One of the cops said, 'That's all right. We'll let this .38 special do the talking', and shot off the lock.
Now that they had their name, the group spent most of 1975 and 1976 playing a steady grind of one-nighters, mostly in the South and the Midwest. Eventually, big brother Ronnie figured Donnie and the gang had paid enough dues and set them up with Skynryd's manager Peter Rudge, who also handled the Who, and was tour manager for the Rolling Stones. Rudge quickly set the group up to open shows for red-hot acts, like Peter Frampton, Foghat and Kiss, and got them signed to A & M Records, who assigned Dan Hartman (of Edgar Winter Group fame) to produce their first album, 38 Special, which was released in May 1977.
Just before the record's release, bassist Ken Lyons decided to leave the band. He was replaced by their friend and original Lynyrd Skynyrd member Larry Junstrom, who had contributed to one track of their debut.
Also in 1977, the band decided to add two female backup singers, Carol Bristow and Dale Krantz (before she left in 1979 to front Rossington Collins Band and eventually marry Skynyrd's Gary Rossington). Krantz would be replaced by Nancy Henderson (1979-1981), Lu Moss (1981-1984) and Lynn Hineman (1986-1987) before backup singers were dispensed with in 1987.
In October 1977 Ronnie Van Zant was killed when Skynyrd's plane crashed. Donnie wrote 'Take Me Back' as a tribute to his brother, which appeared on the band's second album, Special Delivery (March 1978), also produced by Hartman.
1980â1999[edit]
The band's first two albums had a strong Southern rock influence. By the early 1980s, 38 Special had shifted to a more accessible guitar-driven arena rock style without completely abandoning its Southern rock roots. This shift helped to usher in a string of successful albums and singles. Engineer Rodney Mills, who'd worked with Atlanta Rhythm Section and others, assumed the producer's reins from here on and Survivor co-founder Jim Peterik became a frequent songwriting collaborator of the band's from 1979 on, which helped account for this change in sound and subsequent success.
'Rockin' into the Night', the title track from the group's third album (released in October 1979), which Peterik and his bandmates had originally written for Survivor, was instead given to 38 Special. Sung by 38's guitarist Don Barnes (who would sing lead vocals on all of the band's hits through 1987), the tune became their first song to receive national airplay, peaking at #43 on Billboard magazine's singles chart in early 1980.
This paved the way for their platinum supercharged fourth record, Wild-Eyed Southern Boys (January 1981), and its big hit 'Hold On Loosely' (which reached #27 in 1981).
Their next release, Special Forces (May 1982), contained the Top 10 smash 'Caught Up in You' (just like 'Hold On Loosely', composed by Barnes and Carlisi with Peterik) which hit No. 1 on Billboard magazine's Album Rock Tracks chart, as did the single, 'If I'd Been the One' (October 1983), from their November 1983 release Tour de Force. 'You Keep Runnin' Away' (August 1982) and 'Back Where You Belong' (February 1984) continued the sequence of hit radio favorites.
In the fall of 1984, they had another hit with 'Teacher, Teacher', from the soundtrack of the 1984 film Teachers, written by Jim Vallance and Bryan Adams. The song climbed to #4 on the Billboard Top Tracks Chart, spending 10 weeks on the chart.
By 1987, Don Barnes had decided to leave 38 to go out on his own. He recorded an album called Ride the Storm, which, though slated for release in 1989, was shelved after A & M Records was sold and did not see the light of day until 2017âtwenty eight years later.
In the meantime, the group moved on, bringing in guitarist Danny Chauncey, after drummer Steve Brookins also decided to leave, and singer/keyboardist Max Carl, from West Coast rhythm and blues unit Jack Mack & the Heart Attack.
The next release, Rock & Roll Strategy (June 1988), saw the group playing down their heavy guitar sound and putting forth a more '80s pop keyboard-oriented approach, led by Carl's more R&B-style voice. 'Second Chance' (taken from Rock & Roll Strategy) was a No. 1 hit on Billboard's adult contemporary chart in early 1989.
Carl was also lead singer on 'The Sound of Your Voice' (Billboard Hot 100 #33 in 1991) from Bone Against Steel (July 1991), which saw the group moving from A & M to the British label Charisma Records. That same year, Bobby Capps came aboard as keyboardist/co-singer and drummer Scott Meeder replaced Jack Grondin after the latter decided to leave the music business. The band found themselves without a home after Charisma folded in 1992.
After touring with the band through the spring of 1992, Max Carl decided to depart, making way for the return of Don Barnes. Since that time, the band has mostly concentrated on touring, with an occasional release of new material. Scott Hoffman took over the drum chair from Meeder later in 1992. Donny Baldwin (ex-Jefferson Starship) filled in for Hoffman on some 1996 tour dates after Hoffman was down with a broken arm, but Gary 'Madman' Moffatt (formerly of Cactus) has been the band's drummer since 1997.
In 1996 38's long time guitarist/co-founder Jeff Carlisi, tired of the endless touring, decided to leave to form the Bonnie Blue Band, which led to the supergroup, Big People, which also featured Benjamin Orr (from the Cars), Liberty DeVitto (from Billy Joel's band), Derek St. Holmes (ex-Ted Nugent) and Pat Travers. Unfortunately Big People failed to launch.
38 Special, though, continued on and 'Fade to Blue' from the album Resolution (June 1997), released on the small Razor & Tie label, made it to #33 on the Mainstream Rock chart in 1997.
During the summer of 1998, Donnie was sidelined after a leg injury and the band continued touring without him until he was healed enough to return to the road.
Since 1997's Resolution, two more releases have followed on the CMC International and Sanctuary Records labels, respectively A Wild-Eyed Christmas Night (September 2001) and Drivetrain (July 2004).
2000s[edit]38 Cfr
Watch ukraine on fire. In 2007 38 Special was the opening act on Lynyrd Skynyrd and Hank Williams Jr.'s Rowdy Frynds Tour. Also, on September 27, 2008, they filmed a CMT Crossroads special with country singer Trace Adkins, performing both artists' hits from over the years.
In 2009 38 Special opened for REO Speedwagon and Styx as part of the 'Can't Stop Rockin' Tour.'
In 2012 a notice was posted on 38 Special's website saying Donnie Van Zant would not tour with the band due to health issues related to inner-ear nerve damage, although he would continue to write and record with the band. But in 2013, after nearly a year of missing performances, it was confirmed that Van Zant had officially left 38 Special after 39 years and was retiring from music.[2]
In 2014 longtime bassist Larry Junstrom was replaced by Barry Dunaway (a veteran of many classic rock outfits, including Pat Travers Band, Yngwie Malmsteen and Survivor). Dunaway had previously filled in for Junstrom for a handful of shows in 2011 and a few shows in 2013 as well. Junstrom was then forced to retire due to a hand injury that required surgery.
Since 2019, the 38 lineup has consisted of Don Barnes, keyboardist/vocalist Bobby Capps, drummer Gary Moffatt, bassist Barry Dunaway, and guitarist Jerry Riggs. This leaves Don Barnes as the only original member, although Barnes was absent from the band from 1987 until 1992.
Members[edit]![]() 38 Special
Lineups[edit]
Timeline[edit]386 Area Code![]() Discography[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=38_Special_(band)&oldid=901874046'
The .38 Long Colt (commonly known as .38 LC) [9.1 x 26mm] is a black powdercartridge introduced by Colt's Manufacturing Company in 1875, and was adopted as a standard military pistol cartridge by the United States Army in 1892 for the Colt New Army M1892 Revolver. It is slightly more powerful than the .38 Short Colt, or .38 SC. The .38 SC and .38 LC differ in case length, bullet diameter, weight, and design. They were not interchangeable.
Design and ballistics[edit]
Diagram of .38 Long Colt U.S. Army 'ball cartridge', with dimensions in inches.
The .38 Long Colt's predecessor, the .38 Short Colt, used a heeled bullet of 130 grains (8.4 g) at a nominal 770 ft/s (230 m/s), producing 165 ftâ
lbf (224 J) muzzle energy. The cylindrical 'shank' or 'bearing surface' of the bullet, just in front of the cartridge case mouth, was .374 or .375 in (9.50 or 9.53 mm) in diameter, the same as the outside diameter of the cartridge case (as in .22 rimfire cartridges). A smaller-diameter portion of the bullet, the 'heel', was crimped inside the case mouth, and the lubricant was outside the case, and exposed.[2]
In contrast, the .38 Long Colt uses a .357â.358 in (9.07â9.09 mm) bullet, the bearing surface and lubricant of which are entirely contained within the cartridge case. This keeps the waxy lubricant from collecting grit which can damage the revolver's barrel. Colt, however, retained the single-diameter charge hole, so the bullet was grossly undersize as it traveled through the chamber throat. It was supposed to expand in the throat and be 'swaged down', or reduced again in diameter, as it entered the barrel, but expanded unevenly producing poor accuracy. In the Army's original black-powder cartridge used by the Model 1892 revolver, muzzle velocity from the revolver's 6-inch-long (150 mm) barrel was 708 ft/s (216 m/s) with a bullet weighing 150 grains (9.7 g),[3] resulting in a muzzle energy of 167 ftâ
lbf (226 J). Later the Army changed its cartridge to smokeless powder and slightly tightened the revolver's bore; the new muzzle velocity was 750 ft/s (230 m/s) with a bullet of 148 grains (9.6 g),[4] giving a muzzle energy of 185 ftâ
lbf (251 J).
History and usage[edit]
The cartridge's relatively poor ballistics were highlighted during the PhilippineâAmerican War of 1899â1902, when reports from U.S. Army officers were received regarding the .38 bullet's inability to stop charges of frenzied Morojuramentados in the Moro Rebellion, even at extremely close ranges.[5][6][7][8] A typical instance occurred in 1905 and was later recounted by Col. Louis A. LaGarde:
Antonio Caspi, a prisoner on the island of Samar, P.I. attempted escape on Oct. 26, 1905. He was shot four times at close range in a hand-to-hand encounter by a .38 Colt's revolver loaded with U.S. Army regulation ammunition. He was finally stunned by a blow on the forehead from the butt end of a Springfield carbine.[9]
Col. LaGarde noted Caspi's wounds were fairly well-placed: three bullets entered the chest, perforating the lungs. One passed through the body, one lodged near the back and the other lodged in subcutaneous tissue. The fourth round went through the right hand and exited through the forearm.[10]
As an emergency response to the round's unexpectedly dismal performance, the U.S. Army authorized officers to carry M1873 Colt Single Action Army revolvers, chambered in .45 Colt, and issued from reserve stocks. Army Ordnance also purchased a number of M1902 revolvers (the M1902 was actually Colt's New Double Action Army Model 1878, a .45-caliber rod-ejector double-action revolver) for issue to officers deploying overseas.
The .38 Long Colt remained the Army's primary revolver cartridge until 1909, when the .45 M1909 cartridge[11] was issued along with the .45 Colt New Service revolver as the new standard military sidearm for the U.S. Army. However, some of the old .38 Long Colt revolvers and ammunition remained in reserve stocks, and when the U.S. entered World War I in 1917, the need for sidearms was such that even these low-performing weapons were brought out of storage for usage away from the front lines.
In civilian use, the .38 LC was chambered in a number of Colt revolvers and saw some use among target shooters. Various U.S. police forces also adopted the cartridge. However, the cartridge became nearly extinct after Smith & Wesson's more powerful .38 Special cartridge became widely popular as a civilian and police service cartridge. By 1908, even Colt was chambering their new Police Positive and New Army revolvers in '.38 Colt Special', which was nothing more than the standard .38 Smith & Wesson Special with a different headstamp.[12]
See also[edit]References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=.38_Long_Colt&oldid=900219106'
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